Compiling TSE3 on Raspberry Pi
Goal
This project goal is to study the possibility to replace the motherboard of a Yamaha QX1 sequencer with a custom board and a Raspberry Pi.
- An upgradable system
- USB
- STM32F103C8T6 Blue pill as 8 channel UART (bit banging)
- 128 concurrent MIDI channels (8*16), instead of only 8
- More and non-volatile memory (with a F-RAM from Cypress Semiconductor such as FM24V05-GTR)
- Better workflow with less confirmation message
- Ability to connect a PC keyboard, USB Key, Monitor, ...
Identified steps
- Compile the sequencer engine (TSE3)
- Program a 8 channel bit banging UART (MIDI out) and the embedded UART (for MIDI In) on the Blue pill
- Program a basic SPI protocol between the RPI and Blue pill
- Connect the STM32 to board JK
- Program a basic UI to test MIDI In and Out
- Decode the protocol between board DM and PNA
- Interface board PNA and the RPI
- Program a better UI, mimicking the QX1 workflow and using TSE3
- Cherry on sundae: add Sync Out/In
The QX1 schematics
Boards
The QX1 is architectured on the following boards:
- Board DM: this is the main board, with
- the CPU (Hitachi HD68B09E)
- memory
- RAM = 8 x MB8264-15 = 64 kB
- ROM = HN4827128G-30 + 2 x HN482764 = 32 kB
- FDC (floppy disk controller, Toshiba MB8877A)
- 3 custom logic chips:
- IC8 (called PMAC, ref YM5205), manages the FDC and serves as MMU
- IC28 (called MASTER, ref YM5212), manages MIDI
- IC31 (called PIT, YM5213), manages board PNA.
- Board PNA: this is the I/O board, with
- sub-CPU (IC6, Hitachi HD6803)
- a ROM (IC5, MBM2764-30Z-G)
- ADC (IC11, ADC0804)
- Keyboard matrix (decoded via a pair of TC40H240P, IC1 and IC12)
- Interface to LCD display
- Interface to LED matrix
- Interface to the Tempo potentiometer.
Address Description 0x0020 - Data 7 = Foot switch
- Data 6 = Key "CLICK / Z"
- Data 5 = Key "TRNS / Y"
- Data 4 = Key "CHAIN / X"
- Data 3 = Key "PLAY"
- Data 2 = Key "REC"
- Data 1 = Key "EDIT"
- Data 0 = Key "UTLT"
0x0021 - Data 7 = (not used)
- Data 6 = Key "STOP"
- Data 5 = Key "RUN"
- Data 4 = Key "⊳⊳"
- Data 3 = Key "⊳"
- Data 2 = Key "⊲"
- Data 1 = Key "⊲⊲"
- Data 0 = Key "REPT / W"
0x0032 - Data 7 = (not used)
- Data 6 = (not used)
- Data 5 = (not used)
- Data 4 = (not used)
- Data 3 = (not used)
- Data 2 = (not used)
- Data 1 = Key "SHIFT ↑"
- Data 0 = Key "SHIFT ↓"
0x0033 - Data 7 = Key "BEND / 8 / O"
- Data 6 = Key "PRGM / 7 / N"
- Data 5 = Key "CTRL / 6 / M"
- Data 4 = Key "TEMPO / 5 / L"
- Data 3 = Key "KBD / 4 / K"
- Data 2 = Key "+8va / 3 / J"
- Data 1 = Key "-8va / 2 / I"
- Data 0 = Key "INSERT / 1 / H"
0x0034 - Data 7 = Key "fff"
- Data 6 = Key "ff"
- Data 5 = Key "f"
- Data 4 = Key "mf"
- Data 3 = Key "mp"
- Data 2 = Key "p"
- Data 1 = Key "pp"
- Data 0 = Key "ppp"
0x0035 - Data 7 = (not used)
- Data 6 = (not used)
- Data 5 = Key "Bb"
- Data 4 = Key "Ab"
- Data 3 = Key "F#"
- Data 2 = Key "Eb"
- Data 1 = Key "C#"
- Data 0 = Key "SPACE"
0x0036 - Data 7 = (not used)
- Data 6 = Key "B"
- Data 5 = Key "A"
- Data 4 = Key "G"
- Data 3 = Key "F"
- Data 2 = Key "E"
- Data 1 = Key "D"
- Data 0 = Key "C"
0x0037 - Data 7 = Key "ENTER"
- Data 6 = Key "↑ / V"
- Data 5 = Key "↓ / U"
- Data 4 = Key "→ / T"
- Data 3 = Key "← / S"
- Data 2 = Key "JOB COMMAND / R"
- Data 1 = Key "0 / Q"
- Data 0 = Key "9 / P"
- Board PNB: this is the 3 * 8 LED matrix board. Passive board.
- Board PNC: this is the 2 LED board (RUN and TEMPO). Passive board.
- Board JK: this is the MIDI, Foot switch and Tape board. Passive board.
- The PSU board: provides +5V and +12V for the floppy drive.
- The floppy drive: Canon MDD211, 5"1/4.
Connectors
- Board DM
- CN1, connector to board PNA (Flat grey cable)
Pin Description Cable color CN1-1 RSEL (Input) CN1-2 Ground CN1-3 STB (Input) CN1-4 FSW (Foot Switch, Output) CN1-5 CLK4 (Clock 4MHz, Output) CN1-6 RES (Reset, Output) CN1-7 EIRQ (External Interrupt Request, Output) CN1-8 EXRW (External Read/Write selector, Input) CN1-9 P1 (Data Bus 1, Bidirectional) CN1-10 P2 (Data Bus 2, Bidirectional) CN1-11 P3 (Data Bus 3, Bidirectional) CN1-12 P4 (Data Bus 4, Bidirectional) CN1-13 P5 (Data Bus 5, Bidirectional) CN1-14 P6 (Data Bus 6, Bidirectional) CN1-15 P7 (Data Bus 7, Bidirectional) CN1-16 P8 (Data Bus 8, Bidirectional) - CN2, connector to board JK
Pin Description Cable color CN2-1 RX+ (MIDI In +, Input) Brown CN2-2 RX- (MIDI In -, Input) Red CN2-3 THR (MIDI Thru, Output) Orange CN2-4 TX8 (MIDI Out 8, Output) Yellow CN2-5 TX7 (MIDI Out 7, Output) Green CN2-6 TX6 (MIDI Out 6, Output) Blue CN2-7 TX5 (MIDI Out 5, Output) Violet CN2-8 TX4 (MIDI Out 4, Output) Grey CN2-9 TX3 (MIDI Out 3, Output) White CN2-10 TX2 (MIDI Out 2, Output) Black CN2-11 TX1 (MIDI Out 1, Output) Sky Blue CN2-12 (not connected) - CN3, connector to board JK
Pin Description Cable color CN3-1 AGND (Analog ground) Black CN3-2 TO (Tape Sync Output) Brown CN3-3 Vcc (+5V) Red CN3-4 MTR (Click Out, Output) Green CN3-5 (not connected) CN3-6 TI (Tape Sync Input) Red CN3-7 Ground Black CN3-8 FSW (Foot Switch, Input) Orange - CN4, connector to Power Supply Unit
Pin Description Cable color CN4-1 (not connected) CN4-2 Ground Black CN4-3 Ground Black CN4-4 Vcc (+5V) Red CN4-5 Vcc (+5V) Red - CN5, connector to Floppy Disk Unit
Pin Description Cable color CN5-1 Ground CN5-2 HLD (Hold, Output) CN5-3 Ground CN5-4 (not connected) CN5-5 Ground CN5-6 SEL3 CN5-7 Ground CN5-9 Ground CN5-10 SEL0 CN5-11 Ground CN5-12 SEL1 CN5-13 Ground CN5-14 SEL2 CN5-15 Ground CN5-16 MON CN5-17 Ground CN5-18 DRC (Output) CN5-19 Ground CN5-20 STEP (Output) CN5-21 Ground CN5-22 (not connected) CN5-23 Ground CN5-24 WG (Write Gate, Output) CN5-25 Ground CN5-26 TR0 (Track 0, Input) CN5-27 Ground CN5-28 PRT (Input) CN5-29 Ground CN5-30 RD CN5-31 Ground CN5-32 SIDE (Output) CN5-33 Ground CN5-34 RDY (Ready, Input)
Compiling TSE3
Environment
- Raspberry Pi (RPI) model B
- Linux Raspbian 4.19.118+
- GNU C++ Development Kit
- TSE version 3-0.3.1, sources downloaded to folder /opt
What I did
- Boot the RPI, go to session 1 (CTRL+ALT+F1)
- Become root and build the project
$ sudo su # date 070112552022 ← adjust accordingly... # cd /opt/tse3-0.3.1 # ./configure --with-doc-install \ --without-oss --without-aRts --without-win32 # make clean # make
- I came into the following error:
make[4]: *** no rule to make target '../../src/tse3/libtse3.la', needed by 'test'. Stop.
I simply added the full path of targetlibtse3.lain Makefile:# vi +522 src/tse3/Makefile ... 522 ${top_builddir}/src/tse3/libtse3.la: $(libtse3_la_OBJECTS) ... ... - I came into another issue during the compilation of
FileBlockParser.cpp. The issue is actually in fileSerializable.h:../../src/tse3/Serializable.h: In function std::ostream& TSE3::operator<<(std::ostream&, const TSE3::Serializable::indent&); ../../src/tse3/Serializable.h:256:45: error: no match for operator<< (operand types are std::ostream {aka std::basic_ostream<char>} and const char [5])This is actually a type mismatch in operand 2. The string must be casted toindent&on line 256 ofSerializable.h:# vi +256 src/tse3/Serializable.h ... 256 for (...) s << (Serializable::indent&) " "; ...
With this change,FileBlockParser.cppcompiled successfully. - I got this error in
TSE2MDL.cppandMidiFile.cpperror: strncmp was not declared in this scope if (strncmp(...) ^~~~~~~Cstring.hhas to be included:# vi src/tse3/TSE2MDL.cpp src/tse3/MidiFile.cpp ... #include <fstream> #include <cstring> ...
- Lastly, a similar error where
Stdlib.hmust be included:# vi src/examples/recording/recording.cpp src/tse3play/tse3play.cpp ... #include <stdlib.h> ...
With all these changes, TSE3 did compiled successfully. Hooray!
- The last step is to install TSE3:
# make install
Documentation
http://tse3.sourceforge.net/doc/doxygen/namespaceTSE3.html#a118
Program a 8-channel bit banging UART
MIDI uses a simplified serial communication: fixed bitrate (31250 bit/second), 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no parity. Sending 1 bytes requires 10 bits, hence 3125 bytes max per second.
Boards
- A STM32F104C8T6 Blue pill board
- An official Arduino USB2Serial board
- The Arduino IDE
- A breadboard
Everything is setup according to the method, but so far, sending blink ends with an error:
Failed to init device. stm32flash Arduino_STM32_0.9 http://github.com/rogerclarkmelbourne/arduino_stm32 Using Parser : Raw BINARY Interface serial_posix: 115200 8E1 An error occurred while uploading the sketchI tried with BOOT0 in DFU mode (position 1) or normal mode (position 0). To confuse things, my STM32 already contains a blink I may have send few years ago! So when I reset the board, it blinks! So, I will have to flash the bootloader to use the Mini-USB. More to follow...
Follow up After hours of work, and reflashing the bootloader, I'm not able to upload via USB (the device is not recognized). I've read that there are many counterfeits, which could be the case for me as well (purchased 2$ at Aliexpress). And I changed my mind a little bit: I have a ATMega328P-PU with the Arduino bootloader (referenced A000048), purchased at Digikey - trusted source. I think this is a better option, since it is compatible with 5V, hence easier to interface with the other boards. More to follow...
Adventures with ATMega328P-PU
The ATMega328P-PU referenced A000048 is sold with the Arduino Uno bootloader pre-installed. I built a quick setup on a breadboard.
I wanter to upload Blink, from the Arduino IDE. However, I was not able to upload any sketch until I reflashed the bootloader. Once done, suprisingly enough, the flashing LED was the one on PB1 as expected, but PD0 - which corresponds to the LED TX on the USB2serial board. My guess is the predefined consts in the IDE correspond to the Arduino board, but not necessarily to the ATMega. After some twicking (select programmer: Arduino as ISP in the IDE, add a 0.1 µF capacitor on /RESET), I was able to blink 5 LEDs on the breadboard.
void setup() {
DDRB = 0x3f; // set port B[0:5] as output
}
void loop() {
PORTB=0x02; delay(500); // Set PORTB-1 as HIGH for 1/2 second
PORTB=0x04; delay(500); // Set PORTB-2 as HIGH for 1/2 second
PORTB=0x08; delay(500); // ...
PORTB=0x10; delay(500);
PORTB=0x20; delay(500);
PORTB=0x00; delay(1000); // Reset PORTB for 1 second
}
Next protoboard
I use 2 dual 7-segment + decimal point display referenced LTD432DP-YQ. Pinout is
I'll use port C, bits 0-4 for left digit, and port D bits 4-7 for right digit. I will not use all the segments; only B, C, E and F.
- ATMega pin 23 (port C-0) → display pin 13
- ATMega pin 24 (port C-1) → display pin 1
- ATMega pin 25 (port C-2) → display pin 2
- ATMega pin 26 (port C-3) → display pin 14
- ATMega pin 6 (port D-4) → display pin 12
- ATMega pin 11 (port D-5) → display pin 8
- ATMega pin 12 (port D-6) → display pin 7
- ATMega pin 13 (port D-7) → display pin 11
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